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COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
A. Answer briefly the following questions.
1. What is the imaginary elixir of life?
= The imaginary elixir of life is the Divine Amrita which makes a man immortal.
2. What, according to the writer, is the real elixir of life?
= According to the writer, the real elixir is plain water.
3. What is the “wonderful difference” the writer talks about in paragraph 2?
= The writer talks about the difference between the Libyan Desert and the Nile Valley. On one side in the Libyan Desert, there was visible a sea of billowing sand without a speck of green or a single living thing anywhere visible on it while whereas on the other side lay one of the greenest, most fertile, and densely populated areas to be found anywhere on the earth, teeming with life and vegetation in the Nile Valley.
4. What brought about this wonderful difference?
= This wonderful difference was brought by the water of the River Nile flowing down to the Mediterranean from its sources a couple of thousands of miles away.
5. What is the “cheering sight” mentioned in paragraph 5?
= The rain-fed tanks which are common in South India are mentioned as the “cheering sight”.
6. a. What does the writer compare water in a landscape too?
= The writer compares the water to the eyes of a human being.
b. Why does he make this comparison?
= The comparison was made because the water reflects the mood of the hour. It is bright and bays, when the sun shines again, turns dark and gloomy when the sky is overcast.
7. How does the water in rain-fed tanks get its colour?
= The most remarkable fact about water is its power to carry silt or finely-divided soil in suspension. This is the origin of the color of water in the rain-fed tanks.
8. What is the main cause of soil erosion?
= Sudden bursts of excessively heavy rain resulting in a large runoff of surplus water are the principal factors in causing soil erosion.
9. What other factors add to the erosion of precious soil?
= Contributory causes are the slope of the land, removal of the natural protective coat of vegetation, the existence of ruts along which the water can flow with rapidly gathering momentum, and the absence of any checks to such flow causes soil erosion.
10. How can soil erosion be prevented?
= The terracing of the land, the construction of bunds to check the flow of water, the practice of contour cultivation, and the planting of appropriate types
of vegetation are suggested for the prevention of soil erosion.
11. How does the prevention of soil erosion serve a double purpose?
= The prevention of soil erosion serves a double purpose as it helps to conserve and help the water to be placed in its place.
12. What are the two sources of water mentioned in paragraph 10?
=The two sources are:-
- Rain
- Snowfall
13. The land formed of silt in alluvial areas is always fertile. (Say whether the statement is True or False)
= True
14. ———— takes place when water carrying silt mixes with the saltwater of the sea. (Complete the sentence with the appropriate word)
= Erosion
15. Planting of the appropriate type of vegetation will result in :
a. the continuance of successful agriculture.
b. the terracing of the land.
c. preventing environmental pollution.
d. reducing the momentum of the flow of water.
= (d) reducing the momentum of the flow of water.
16. What does the writer mean by “civilized forests”?
=Civilized forest is the forests created by the deliberate planting of saplings by human beings, as contrasted with wild and untamed natural jungles.
17. Mention any two advantages of civilized forests.
= Two advantages are:-
- It checks soil erosion and conserves the rainfall
- It is a source of untold wealth.
18. How will the development of hydro-electric power help to overcome the inadequacy of water supply?
= The development of hydroelectric power enables underground water to be tapped to a greater extent than at present, and thus help to overcome the difficulties arising from irregularity or inadequacy of other sources of supply.
19. Complete the following sentences with appropriate details:
a. The Nile Valley is the creation of ——
=the river itself. It was brought down as the finest silt in its floodwaters, from the highlands of Abyssinia and remote Central Africa, and laid down through the ages in the trough through which the Nile flows into the sea.
b. ——— are a “cheering sight.”
=Rain-fed tanks in South India, when they are full.
c. A remarkable feature of water is its power to carry ——
=silt or finely-divided soil in suspension.
d. It is the silt which gives — to the water in rain-fed tanks.
=the characteristic water.
e. —— is the foundation of all agriculture.
=The upper layer of soil.
f. Ruts are formed by ———
=rapidly flowing rainwater.
g. Terracing of lands helps in ——
=preventing soil erosion.
h. Indian agriculture depends heavily on ———
=seasonal rainfall.
i. ——— would enable the overall development of the rural economy.
=Fuel.
j. ____________ would enable the overall development of the rural economy.
=Availability of electric power.
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Close Study
Read the following extracts carefully. Discuss in pairs and then
write the answers to the questions given below them.
1. Much of Indian agriculture depends on seasonal rainfall and is therefore very sensitive to any failure or irregularity of the same.
a. In what context does the writer say these words?
= Here the author speaks about soil erosion and the significance of the preservation of water. The conservancy of water would enable agribusiness at times of uneven or inadequate rainfall. The strategies of conservation of water would impede soil erosion which is of huge importance to agriculture.
b. What does “same” refer to?
= “Same” here refers to rainfall in India.
c. Why is Indian agriculture “very sensitive”?
= Since the very beginning, our Indian agriculture deeply relies on seasonal rainfall and does not have any other sources of water, it is “very sensitive” – effortlessly influenced by insufficient or periodic rainfall.
2. Closely connected with the conservation of water supplied is the problem of afforestation. The systematic planting of suitable trees
in every possible or even in impossible areas and the development of what one calls civilized forests.
a. What does “they” in the first line refer to?
= They are referred to the green verdure like shrubs and trees were amassed to check soil erosion.
b. What is the cheap fuel referred to in the passage?
= The cheap fuel referred to in the passage is the dried branches and leaves of trees grown to impede soil erosion.
c. How would cheap fuel help the farmer?
= The farmer could protect the farmyard by enriching and uplifting his farmland with cheap fuels.
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PARAGRAPH WRITING
Discuss in pairs/groups of four each and answer the following questions. Note down the important points for each question and then develop the points into one – paragraph answers.
1. How does C.V. Raman show that water is the real elixir of life?
= C.V. Raman says that the water is the real elixir of life. He shows how properly water has divided the vegetation by giving the example of the River Nile. Water has shaped civilization. He shows how important water is, it enriches the soil. It is equally a necessity for human beings or we can say the basis of all life.
2. What are the various causes of soil erosion? How can we prevent it?
= Sudden bursts of excessively heavy rain resulting in a large runoff of surplus water are the principal factors in causing soil erosion. Contributory causes are the slope of the land, removal of the natural protective coat of vegetation, the existence of ruts along which the water can flow with rapidly gathering momentum, and the absence of any checks to such flow causes soil erosion.
The terracing of the land, the construction of bunds to check the flow of water, the practice of contour cultivation, and the planting of appropriate types of vegetation are suggested for the prevention of soil erosion.
3. What does C.V. Raman say about rain-fed tanks?
= The rain-fed tanks that are common in South India-alas. They are often neglected in their maintenance. The rain-fed tanks are a cheering sight when they are full. They are, of course, shallow, but this is less evident since the water is silt-laden and throws the light back, and the bottom. These tanks play a vital role in South Indian agriculture. Some of these tanks are large and looks beautiful when the sunrise or set over one of them.
VOCABULARY EXERCISES
A. Match the words in group A with their meanings/explanations in group B.
1. teeming with a. systematic planting of suitable trees
2. precipitation b. the area created with matter deposited by rivers
3. harnessing c. controlling and using
4. alluvial area d. planting trees.
5. catchment e. wearing away gradually
6. civilized forests f. coming one after the other
7. afforestation g. full of
8. artesian h. separation of solid matter from a liquid.
9. successive i. spring /underground water
10.erosion j. an area which collects plentiful rainfall.
Answers:
A B
1. teeming with g. full of
2. precipitation h. separation of solid matter from liquid
3. harnessing c. controlling and using
4. alluvial b. the area created with matter deposited by rivers
5. catchment j. an area from which rainwater flows into a particular drive
6. civilized forests d. man-made forests
7. afforestation a. systematic planting of suitable trees
8. artesian i. spring /underground water
9. successive f. coming one after the other
10. erosion e. wearing away gradually
B. Fill in the blanks with the antonyms of the words underlined.
1. The rain-fed tanks are___________________, not deep.
2. The authorities who talk about afforestation are actively engaged
in ___________________
3. The rural students have fared better than their ___________________
counterparts.
4. It is a big tragedy that fertile minds are engaged in a
___________________debate.
5. The fruits were fresh, but the cream was___________________
6. ___________________monuments are aesthetically displayed in a
modern setting.
7. In his writings, it is difficult to segregate fact from
___________________
8. The joy in the new found prosperity made them forget their days
of___________________
9. When he saw her courage he felt ashamed of his own
___________________
10. We need to overcome our temptation, not_______________to it.
Answers:
1.shallow
2.deforestation
3.urban
4.barren
5.stale
6.Ancient
7.fiction
8.poverty/adversity
9.cowardice
10.succumb.
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TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF The Elixir Of Life KARNATAKA BOARD CLASS 10 ENGLISH
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